Automotive alternator and automotive alternator brush abrasion detection system

ABSTRACT

A brush holding apparatus is mounted to an inner wall surface of a rear bracket and a cap mounted to a head portion of a brush holder portion is exposed through an opening in the rear bracket. Brushes are housed inside brush insertion apertures of the brush holder portion and are placed in elastic contact with slip rings by springs. An abrasion detection terminal is insert molded into the brush holder portion, a contact thereof projecting inside one of the brush insertion apertures and coming into contact with the corresponding spring when the brushes are abraded by a predetermined amount.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/315,180, filedDec. 10, 2002, the above-noted prior application is hereby incorporatedby reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an automotive alternator and anautomotive alternator brush abrasion detection system mounted to anautomobile, etc.

2. Description of the Related Art

FIG. 23 is a longitudinal section showing a conventional automotivealternator, FIG. 24 is a perspective of a rear bracket interior portionof the conventional automotive alternator viewed from a front end, FIG.25 is a perspective showing a brush holding apparatus used in theconventional automotive alternator, FIG. 26 is a perspective showing arotor used in the conventional automotive alternator, and FIG. 27 is anelectrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehicle mounted with theconventional automotive alternator.

In FIGS. 23 to 27, an automotive alternator 100 is constructed byrotatably mounting a Lundell-type rotor 7 by means of a shaft 6 inside acase 3 constituted by a front bracket 1 and a rear bracket 2 made ofaluminum and fixing a stator 8 to an inner wall surface of the case 3 soas to cover an outer circumferential side of the rotor 7.

The shaft 6 is rotatably supported in the front bracket 1 and the rearbracket 2. A pulley 4 is fixed to a first end of this shaft 6, enablingrotational torque from an engine to be transmitted to the shaft 6 bymeans of a belt (not shown). A pair of slip rings 9.functioning aselectric current supplying members for supplying an electric current tothe rotor 7 are disposed on a second end portion of the shaft 6 so as tobe separated in an axial direction and be able to rotate together withthe shaft 6.

The rotor 7 is constituted by: a rotor coil 13 for generating a magneticflux on passage of an electric current; and first and second pole cores20 and 21 disposed so as to cover the rotor coil 13, magnetic polesbeing formed in the first and second pole cores 20 and 21 by themagnetic flux generated by the rotor coil 13. The first pole core 20 ismade of iron, first claw-shaped magnetic poles 22 having a tapered shapebeing formed at a uniform angular pitch in a circumferential directionon an outer circumferential edge portion of the first pole core 20 suchthat the direction of taper of each of the first claw-shaped magneticpoles 22 is aligned with an axial direction. The second pole core 21 ismade of iron, second claw-shaped magnetic poles 23 having a taperedshape being formed at a uniform angular pitch in a circumferentialdirection on an outer circumferential edge portion of the second polecore 21 such that the direction of taper of each of the secondclaw-shaped magnetic poles 23 is aligned with an axial direction. Thefirst and second pole cores 20 and 21 are fixed to the shaft 6 facingeach other such that the first and second claw-shaped magnetic poles 22and 23 intermesh with each other. In addition, fans 5 are fixed to endsurfaces of the first and second pole cores 20 and 21, respectively. Thepair of slip rings 9 are electrically connected in series through therotor coil 13.

The stator 8 is provided with: a cylindrical stator core 15 in whichslots are disposed at a predetermined pitch in a circumferentialdirection; and a three-phase stator winding 16 installed in the statorcore 15.

A rectifier 12 for converting alternating current generated in thestator 8 into direct current is mounted inside the case 3, the rectifier12 being constituted by a three-phase full-wave rectifier in which threediode pairs are connected in parallel, each diode pair being composed ofa positive-side diode d₁ and a negative-side diode d₂ connected inseries.

A brush holding apparatus 29 is provided with a body 30 in which a brushholder portion 31, an annular shaft insertion portion 32, a circuithousing portion 33, a connector portion 34, etc., are molded integrallyusing an electrically-insulating resin. A conductor group is insertmolded into the body 30. The conductor group constitutes wiring amongthe elements mounted to the body 30, projects inside the connectorportion 34 to constitute external connection terminals, and exposes inrequired portions to constitute rectifier connection terminals 35functioning as an electrical connection portion for connection to therectifier 12.

Brush insertion apertures (not shown) perpendicular to a central axis ofthe shaft insertion portion 32 are formed in the brush holder portion 31so as to communicate between the shaft insertion portion 32 and anexternal portion, a cap 31 a being removably mounted to a head portionof the brush holder portion 31 so as to cover an opening at an oppositeend of the brush insertion apertures from the shaft insertion portion32. A pair of brushes 10 are housed in the brush insertion apertures ofthe brush holder portion 31, being forced toward the shaft insertionportion 32 by springs 11. Lead wires 14 are connected to head portionsof each of the brushes 10.

A voltage regulator 18 for adjusting the magnitude of an alternatingvoltage generated in the stator 8 is fixed to a heat sink 17. The heatsink 17 is mounted by being fitted into the circuit housing portion 33,the voltage regulator 18 being housed inside the circuit housing portion33.

The brush holding apparatus 29 is securely fastened to an inner wallsurface of the rear bracket 2 such that the center of the shaftinsertion portion 32 is aligned with a central axis of the rear bracket2. The shaft 6 is inserted inside the shaft insertion portion 32, thepair of brushes 10 being placed in contact with the pair of slip rings 9by the force of the springs 11. Thus, the brushes 10 slide on the sliprings 9 with the rotation of the shaft 6.

In the conventional automotive alternator 100 constructed in thismanner, an electric current is supplied to the rotor coil 13 from abattery 27 constituting a power supply through the brushes 10 and theslip rings 9, generating a magnetic flux. The first claw-shaped magneticpoles 22 of the first pole core 20 are magnetized into North-seeking (N)poles by this magnetic flux, and the second claw-shaped magnetic poles23 of the second pole core 21 are magnetized into South-seeking (S)poles. At the same time, rotational torque from the engine istransmitted to the shaft 6 by means of the belt (not shown) and thepulley 4, rotating the field rotor 7. Thus, a rotating magnetic field isimparted to the stator winding 16, generating an electromotive force inthe stator winding 16. This alternating-current electromotive forcepasses through the rectifier 12 and is converted into direct current,the magnitude thereof is adjusted by the regulator 18, the battery ischarged, and the current is supplied to an electrical load 28.

After commencement of power generation, the alternator 100 is switchedto “self-excitation” by supplying a portion of the output current fromthe alternator 100 to the rotor coil 13 through the brushes 10.

In this conventional automotive alternator 100, because the brushes 10are pressed against the slip rings 9 by the springs 11, they are abradedwith the rotation of the shaft 6. Excessive abrasion of the brushes 10in this manner gives rise to defective power generation, causing theinternal combustion engine to stop due to insufficient electric powerfrom the electrical system, leading to a breakdown of the automotivevehicle. Because the conventional automotive alternator 100 does nothave a means for detecting abrasion of the brushes 10, one problem hasbeen that the brushes 10 may be abraded excessively, leading to abreakdown of the automotive vehicle without the driver of the vehiclebeing warned in advance.

Furthermore, when power generation becomes defective in the conventionalautomotive alternator 100, if the automotive electrical circuit iscontinuously open, the battery 27 is discharged. It is possible torestart the internal combustion engine by recharging the battery 27, butonce the battery 27 has been discharged, its service life deterioratessignificantly, and so another problem has been that the battery 27 hashad to be changed.

Brush abrasion detecting apparatuses for dynamoelectric machines, havebeen proposed, for example, in Japanese Utility Model No. 3020646,Japanese Utility Model No. 3020647, Japanese Patent Examined PublicationNo. HEI 3-15413, Japanese Patent No. 2922266, Japanese Patent ExaminedPublication No. SHO 57-38841, etc.

However, even if these brush abrasion detecting apparatuses are adoptedin this conventional automotive alternator 100 to enable the driver ofthe vehicle to be informed in advance of excessive abrasion of thebrushes 10, because the brush holding apparatus 29 is housed inside anairtight case 3, brush replacement is difficult, and one problem hasbeen that time is required before recommencing operation of the vehicle.

More specifically, when the brushes 10 become abraded, first theautomotive alternator 100 is removed from the internal combustion engineand taken out of the vehicle, and the brush holding apparatus 29 isextracted by dismantling the automotive alternator 100. Then the cap 31a is removed, the operation of replacing the brushes 10 is performed,the cap 3 la is mounted, then the brush holding apparatus 29 is mountedto the rear bracket 2 and the automotive alternator is reassembled.Next, the automotive alternator 100 is mounted to the internalcombustion engine. Thus, the brush replacement operation is extremelycomplicated and requires a great number of man-hours.

In recent years, reductions in internal combustion engine space havebeen sought with a view to ensuring maximum passenger compartment spacewithin the framework of vehicle codes, and there is a tendency forauxiliary devices such as air discharge pipes, water pumps, etc., to beclustered close together around the automotive alternator 100, reducingthe space available for the removal and replacement of the automotivealternator 100. Thus, another problem has been that removal andreplacement of the automotive alternator 100 is becoming even moredifficult, preventing the brushes from being replaced simply.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to solve the above problems and an object ofthe present invention is to provide an automotive alternator and anautomotive alternator brush abrasion detection system enabling brushreplacement to be performed simply before defective power generation ordefective charging of a battery occurs by enabling a driver of a vehicleto be made aware immediately before a brush abrasion limit is reached.

With the above object in view, an automotive alternator is provided witha case, a shaft rotatably supported in the case, a rotor fixed to theshaft and disposed inside the case for generating a rotating magneticfield, a stator mounted to the case so as to cover an outercircumferential side of the rotor, a pair of electric current supplyingmembers and a brush holding apparatus. The rotor is provided with arotor coil in which a magnetic flux is generated on passage of anelectric current and a plurality of magnetic poles magnetized by themagnetic flux generated in the rotor coil. The stator is provided with astator winding in which an electromotive force is generated by therotating magnetic field generated by the rotor. The pair of electriccurrent supplying members is disposed so as to be separated in an axialdirection on a first end portion of the shaft and be able to rotatetogether with the shaft, and is electrically connected in series bymeans of the rotor coil. The brush holding apparatus is disposed insidethe case so as to be positioned radially outside the pair of electriccurrent supplying members. The brush holding apparatus is provided witha brush holder portion in which a pair of brush insertion apertures isformed such that an aperture direction of each of brush insertionapertures is perpendicular to a central axis of the shaft, the pair ofbrush insertion apertures being separated in an axial direction of theshaft, a cap removably mounted to a head portion of the brush holderportion for covering the pair of brush insertion apertures, a pair ofbrushes each housed inside the pair of brush insertion apertures so asto be able to move freely in the aperture direction, a pair of brushterminals constituting input and output terminals of the brushes, a pairof lead wires each having a first end linked to a first end portion ofthe brushes and a second end linked to the brush terminals,electrically-conductive elastic members disposed inside each of thebrush insertion apertures for placing a second end of each of thebrushes in elastic contact with the electric current supplying membersby forcing the brushes toward the shaft, and an abrasion detectionterminal disposed in at least one of the pair of brush insertionapertures, the abrasion detection terminal being provided with a contactfor contacting at least one of the elastic members when the brushes areabraded by a predetermined amount. An opening is disposed in the caseradially outside the brush holder portion so as to expose the cap.

Therefore, there is provided an automotive alternator enabling brushabrasion to be detected before the occurrence of defective powergeneration or defective charging of the battery, and in addition,enabling brush replacement without dismantling the alternator.

With the above object in view, an automotive alternator is provided witha case, a shaft rotatably supported in the case, a rotor fixed to theshaft and disposed inside the case for generating a rotating magneticfield, a stator mounted to the case so as to cover an outercircumferential side of the rotor, a pair of electric current supplyingmembers, and a brush holding apparatus. The rotor is provided with arotor coil in which a magnetic flux is generated on passage of anelectric current and a plurality of magnetic poles magnetized by themagnetic flux generated in the rotor coil. The stator is provided with astator winding in which an electromotive force is generated by therotating magnetic field generated by the rotor. The pair of electriccurrent supplying members is disposed so as to be separated in an axialdirection on a first end portion of the shaft projecting out of the caseand be able to rotate together with the shaft, and is electricallyconnected in series by means of the rotor coil. The brush holdingapparatus is removably disposed on an outer end surface of the case soas to be positioned radially outside the pair of electric currentsupplying members. The brush holding apparatus is provided with a brushholder portion in which a pair of brush insertion apertures is formedsuch that an aperture direction of each of the brush insertion aperturesis perpendicular to a center axis of the shaft, the pair of brushinsertion apertures being separated in an axial direction of the shaft,a cap removably mounted to a head portion of the brush holder portionfor covering the pair of brush insertion apertures, a pair of brusheseach housed inside the pair of brush insertion apertures so as to beable to move freely in the aperture direction, a pair of brush terminalsconstituting input and output terminals of the brushes, a pair of leadwires each having a first end linked to a first end portion of thebrushes and a second end linked to the brush terminals,electrically-conductive elastic members disposed inside each of thebrush insertion apertures for placing a second end of each of thebrushes in elastic contact with the electric current supplying membersby forcing the brushes toward the shaft, and an abrasion detectionterminal disposed in at least one of the pair of brush insertionapertures. The abrasion detection terminal is provided with a contactfor contacting at least one of the elastic members when the brushes areabraded by a predetermined amount. A cover is removably mounted to anouter wall surface of the case from an axial direction of the shaft soas to envelop the brush holding apparatus.

Therefore, there is provided an automotive alternator enabling brushabrasion to be detected before the occurrence of defective powergeneration or defective charging of the battery, and in addition,enabling brush replacement without dismantling the alternator.

With the above object in view, an automotive alternator brush abrasiondetection system is provided with an automotive alternator and a firstlamp for announcing abrasion of brushes by contact between an elasticmember and a contact. The automotive alternator is provided with a case,a shaft rotatably supported in the case, a rotor fixed to the shaft anddisposed inside the case for generating a rotating magnetic field, astator mounted to the case so as to cover an outer circumferential sideof the rotor, a pair of electric current supplying members, a brushholding apparatus, a rectifier disposed inside the case for rectifyingand outputting the electromotive force from the stator winding, and avoltage regulator disposed inside the case for adjusting a magnitude ofthe electromotive force in the stator winding. The rotor being isprovided with a rotor coil in which a magnetic flux is generated onpassage of an electric current and a plurality of magnetic polesmagnetized by the magnetic flux generated in the rotor coil. The statoris provided with a stator winding in which an electromotive force isgenerated by the rotating magnetic field generated by the rotor. Thepair of electric current supplying members is disposed so as to beseparated in an axial direction on a first end portion of the shaft andbe able to rotate together with the shaft, and is electrically connectedin series by means of the rotor coil. The brush holding apparatus isdisposed inside the case so as to be positioned radially outside thepair of electric current supplying members. The brush holding apparatusis provided with a brush holder portion in which a pair of brushinsertion apertures is formed such that an aperture direction of each ofsaid brush insertion apertures is perpendicular to a center axis of saidshaft, the pair of brush insertion apertures being separated in an axialdirection of the shaft, a cap removably mounted to a head portion of thebrush holder portion for covering the pair of brush insertion apertures,a pair of brushes each housed inside the pair of brush insertionapertures so as to be able to move freely in the aperture direction, apair of brush terminals constituting input and output terminals of thebrushes, a pair of lead wires each having a first end linked to a firstend portion of the brushes and a second end linked to the brushterminals, electrically-conductive elastic members disposed inside eachof the brush insertion apertures for placing a second end of each of thebrushes in elastic contact with the electric current supplying membersby forcing the brushes toward the shaft, and an abrasion detectionterminal disposed in at least one of the pair of brush insertionapertures. The abrasion detection terminal is provided with a contactfor contacting at least one of the elastic members when the brushes areabraded by a predetermined amount. An opening is disposed in the caseradially outside the brush holder portion so as to expose the cap.

Therefore, there is provided an automotive alternator brush abrasiondetection system enabling a driver to be made aware of brush abrasion bymeans of the first lamp and replace the brushes before the occurrence ofdefective power generation or defective charging of the battery, andenabling the amount of time before recommencing operation of the vehicleto be shortened by making brush replacement possible without dismantlingthe alternator.

With the above object in view, an automotive alternator brush abrasiondetection system is provided with an automotive alternator and a firstlamp for announcing abrasion of brushes by contact between an elasticmember and a contact. The automotive alternator is provided with a case,a shaft rotatably supported in the case, a rotor fixed to the shaft anddisposed inside the case for generating a rotating magnetic field, astator mounted to the case so as to cover an outer circumferential sideof the rotor, a pair of electric current supplying members, a brushholding apparatus, a rectifier for rectifying and outputting theelectromotive force from the stator winding; and a voltage regulator foradjusting a magnitude of the electromotive force in the stator winding.The rotor is provided with a rotor coil in which a magnetic flux isgenerated on passage of an electric current and a plurality of magneticpoles magnetized by the magnetic flux generated in the rotor coil. Thestator is provided with a stator winding in which an electromotive forceis generated by the rotating magnetic field generated by the rotor. Thepair of electric current supplying members is disposed so as to beseparated in an axial direction on a first end portion of the shaftprojecting out of the case and be able to rotate together with theshaft, and is electrically connected in series by means of the rotorcoil. The brush holding apparatus is removably disposed on an outer endsurface of the case so as to be positioned radially outside the pair ofelectric current supplying members. The brush holding apparatus isprovided with a brush holder portion in which a pair of brush insertionapertures is formed such that an aperture direction of each of saidbrush insertion apertures is perpendicular to a center axis of saidshaft, the pair of brush insertion apertures being separated in an axialdirection of the shaft, a cap removably mounted to a head portion of thebrush holder portion for covering the pair of brush insertion apertures,a pair of brushes each housed inside the pair of brush insertionapertures so as to be able to move freely in the aperture direction, apair of brush terminals constituting input and output terminals of thebrushes, a pair of lead wires each having a first end linked to a firstend portion of the brushes and a second end linked to the brushterminals, electrically-conductive elastic members disposed inside eachof the brush insertion apertures for placing a second end of each of thebrushes in elastic contact with the electric current supplying membersby forcing the brushes toward the shaft, and an abrasion detectionterminal disposed in at least one of the pair of brush insertionapertures. The abrasion detection terminal is provided with a contactfor contacting at least one of the elastic members when the brushes areabraded by a predetermined amount. A cover is removably mounted to anouter wall surface of the case from an axial direction of the shaft soas to envelop the brush holding apparatus.

Therefore, there is provided an automotive alternator brush abrasiondetection system enabling a driver to be made aware of brush abrasion bymeans of the first lamp and replace the brushes before the occurrence ofdefective power generation or defective charging of the battery, andenabling the amount of time before recommencing operation of the vehicleto be shortened by making brush replacement possible without dismantlingthe alternator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective of a rear bracket interior portion of anautomotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of the present inventionviewed from a front end;

FIG. 2 is a perspective of the rear bracket shown in FIG. 1 viewed fromthe direction of arrow A;

FIG. 3 is a perspective showing a brush holding apparatus used in theautomotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective showing the brush holding apparatus shown inFIG. 3 with a cap removed;

FIG. 5 is a structural diagram showing a vicinity of brushes in theautomotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective of the vicinity of the brushes shown in FIG. 5viewed from the direction of arrow C;

FIG. 7 is a perspective showing the vicinity of the brushes in theautomotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of the presentinvention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram explaining a relationship between the brushes andsprings in the automotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of thepresent invention;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the brush holding apparatus in FIG. 4 viewedfrom the direction of arrow B;

FIG. 10 is an electrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehiclemounted with the automotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of thepresent invention;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing control portions of a voltageregulator in the automotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of thepresent invention;

FIG. 12 is a flow chart explaining operation of the control portions ofthe voltage regulator in the automotive alternator according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an electrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehiclemounted with an automotive alternator according to Embodiment 2 of thepresent invention;

FIG. 14 is an electrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehiclemounted with an automotive alternator according to Embodiment 3 of thepresent invention;

FIG. 15 is a perspective showing a vicinity of brushes in the automotivealternator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing control portions of a voltageregulator in the automotive alternator according to Embodiment 3 of thepresent invention;.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart explaining operation of the control portions ofthe voltage regulator in the automotive alternator according toEmbodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is an electrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehiclemounted with an automotive alternator according to Embodiment 4 of thepresent invention;

FIG. 19 is an electrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehiclemounted with an automotive alternator according to Embodiment 5 of thepresent invention;

FIG. 20 is a flow chart explaining operation of control portions of avoltage regulator in an automotive alternator according to Embodiment 6of the present invention;

FIG. 21 is an electrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehiclemounted with an automotive alternator according to Embodiment 7 of thepresent invention;

FIG. 22 is a longitudinal section showing an automotive alternatoraccording to Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

FIG. 23 is a longitudinal section showing a conventional automotivealternator;

FIG. 24 is a perspective of a rear bracket interior portion of theconventional automotive alternator viewed from a front end;

FIG. 25 is a perspective showing a brush holding apparatus used in theconventional automotive alternator;

FIG. 26 is a perspective showing a rotor used in the conventionalautomotive alternator; and

FIG. 27 is an electrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehiclemounted with the conventional automotive alternator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be explainedwith reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1

FIG. 1 is a perspective of a rear bracket interior portion of anautomotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of the present inventionviewed from a front end, FIG. 2 is a perspective of the rear bracketshown in FIG. 1 viewed from the direction of arrow A, FIG. 3 is aperspective showing a brush holding apparatus used in the automotivealternator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 4 isa perspective showing the brush holding apparatus shown in FIG. 3 with acap removed, FIG. 5 is a structural diagram showing a vicinity ofbrushes in the automotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of thepresent invention, FIG. 6 is a perspective of the vicinity of thebrushes shown in FIG. 5 viewed from the direction of arrow C, FIG. 7 isa perspective showing the vicinity of the brushes in the automotivealternator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, FIG. 8 isa diagram explaining a relationship between the brushes and springs inthe automotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 of the presentinvention, FIG. 9 is a top view of the brush holding apparatus in FIG. 4viewed from the direction of arrow B, and FIG. 10 is an electricalcircuit diagram for an automotive vehicle mounted with the automotivealternator according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Moreover, FIGS. 5 to 7 show a first brush in an abraded state, and asecond brush in an unabraded state, and FIG. 9 shows the brush holdingapparatus in which the brushes and the voltage regulator are notmounted.

In FIGS. 3 to 9, a brush holding apparatus 40 is provided with a body 41in which a brush holder portion 42, an annular shaft insertion portion43, a circuit housing portion 44, a connector portion 45, etc., aremolded integrally using an electrically-insulating resin. The brushholder portion 42 is disposed so as to extend in a radial direction froman outer circumferential portion of the shaft insertion portion 43, thecircuit housing portion 44 is formed on a first axial side (a rear side)of the brush holder portion 42, and the connector portion 45 is formedon a first circumferential side of the brush holder portion 42. Aconductor group (not shown) is insert molded into the body 41. Theconductor group constitutes wiring among the elements mounted to thebody 41, projecting inside the connector portion 45 to constituteexternal connection terminals (a Q terminal, an L terminal, and an Sterminal, for example), and exposed in required portions to constituterectifier connection terminals 46 functioning as an electricalconnection portion for connection to a rectifier 12, etc.

A pair of brush insertion apertures 42 a are formed in the brush holderportion 42 so as to communicate between the shaft insertion portion 43and an external portion, the pair of brush insertion apertures 42 abeing lined up in an axial direction of the shaft insertion portion 43such that aperture centers of each are perpendicular to a central axisof the shaft insertion portion 43. A cap 42 b is removably mounted to ahead portion of the brush holder portion 42 so as to cover an opening atan opposite end of the brush insertion apertures 42 a from the shaftinsertion portion 43. The brush insertion apertures 42 a are eachconstructed so as to have an internal shape such that the aperture shapein a cross section perpendicular to the aperture center has arc portionshaving a diameter D′ centered on a center of a rectangular shape atcentral portions of first and second long sides of the rectangular shape(length of short sides: E′; length of long sides: F′). E′, F′, and D′are set slightly larger than E, F, and D, which are described below.

A pair of first and second holder terminals 47 are insert molded suchthat first ends thereof project onto opening edge portions at anopposite end of each of the brush insertion apertures 42 a from theshaft insertion portion 43. In addition, an abrasion detection terminal48 is insert molded such that a contact 48 a formed with a hook shapeprojects inside one of the brush insertion apertures 42 a from a centralportion of an arc portion having the diameter D′ of that brush insertionaperture 42 a. A length of projection d of this contact 48 a is set tod<(D′-E′)/2, and the position of the contact 48 a in a depth directionof the brush insertion aperture 42 a is set such that abrasion ofbrushes 50 can be detected when a remaining length of the brush 50 froman abrasion limit line 50 x is 2 mm, for example.

Moreover, a second end of the first holder terminal 47 is electricallyconnected to an output end of the rectifier 12, and a second end of thesecond holder terminal 47 is electrically connected to an F terminal ofthe voltage regulator 18. The abrasion detection terminal 48 iselectrically connected to the Q terminal of the connector portion 45.

The brushes 50 are prepared by press-forming a mixture of a copperpowder and graphite. The brushes 50 are formed into a substantiallyrectangular parallelepiped shape in which a cross section perpendicularto a longitudinal direction is a rectangular shape (length: a; length ofshort sides of cross section: E; length of long sides of cross section:F). An abrasion limit line 50 x is applied to a side surface of each ofthe brushes 50. Lead wires 51 composed of soft stranded wire copperstrips are fixed during the press-forming of the brushes 50 such that afirst end of each lead wire 51 is embedded in a central portion of arear end portion of the brush 50. A flexible tube 52 made of a siliconerubber, for example, is mounted to each of the lead wires 51. Springs 53each functioning as an elastic member are constituted by cylindricalcompression coil springs made of a stainless steel, a diameter D thereofbeing less than F and greater than E (E<D<F). L-shaped metal brushterminals 54 are connected by soldering or welding to second ends of thelead wires 51 passing through the inside of the springs 53. Thus, thebrushes 50, the lead wires 51, the flexible tubes 52, the springs 53,and the brush terminals 54 are integrated as shown in FIG. 7 with thesprings 53 disposed in a compressed state between the brushes 50 and thebrush terminals 54 and the lead wires 51 held under tension by theelastic force of the springs 53.

The brushes 50 integrated with the springs 53, the brush terminals 54,etc., in this manner are inserted inside each of the brush insertionapertures 42 a of the brush holder portion 42 and mounted to the brushholder portion 42 by securely fastening the brush terminals 54 to theholder terminals 47 by means of screws 49.

The voltage regulator 18 is housed inside the circuit housing portion 44by fitting the heat sink 17 into the circuit housing portion 44 andfixing it thereto. At this time, each of the terminals of the voltageregulator 18 and the terminals of the conductor group insert-molded inthe body 41 are electrically connected.

The brush holding apparatus 40 constructed in this manner, as shown inFIGS. 1 and 2, is securely fastened to an inner wall surface of a rearbracket 2A such that the central axis of the shaft insertion portion 43is aligned with a central axis of the rear bracket 2A. At this time,aperture directions of the brush insertion apertures 42 a of the brushholder portion 42 are aligned in a radial direction, the head portion ofthe brush holder portion 42 is exposed through an opening 2 a formed inthe rear bracket 2A, and the connector portion 45 is positioned insidean opening 2 b formed in the rear bracket 2A.

Moreover, the automotive alternator according to Embodiment 1 isconstructed in a similar manner to the conventional automotivealternator 100 except for the fact that the rear bracket 2A and thebrush holding apparatus 40 are used instead of the rear bracket 2 andthe brush holding apparatus 29.

In the automotive alternator constructed in this manner, the tipsurfaces of the brushes 50 are placed in contact with the slip rings 9by the elastic force of the springs 53 disposed in a compressed statebetween the brushes 50 and the brush terminals 54, an electric currentbeing supplied to the rotor coil 13 through the brushes 50 and the sliprings 9. The brushes 50 slide on the slip rings 9 and are abraded by therotation of the shaft 6.

At this time, the springs 53 expand along with the abrasion of thebrushes 50, ensuring the pressing load of the brushes 50 against theslip rings 9, and the brushes 50 slide stably on the slip rings 9. Thedistance between the brushes 50 and the brush terminals 54 is shorterthan the length of the lead wires 51 in proportion to the amount ofcompression in the springs 53, the lead wires 51 being housed inside thesprings 53 in a slack state. The lead wires 51 extend along with theexpansion of the springs 53, ensuring that the expanding action of thesprings 53 is stable.

Then, immediately before the brushes 50 reach the abrasion limit, one ofthe springs 53 contacts the contact 48 a, whereby brush abrasion limitimmediacy is detected.

Thereafter, the opposite side of the spring 53 from the contact 48 aexpands along with additional abrasion of the brushes 50 and the brushends of the springs 53 press the brushes 50 obliquely, ensuring thepressing load of the brushes 50 against the brushes 50 until theabrasion limit.

Next, a brush replacement operation for this automotive alternator willbe explained.

First, the cap 42 b is removed from the opening 2 a, and the fasteningbetween the brush terminals 54 and the holder terminals 47 is releasedby removing the screws 49. Next, the brushes 50 are pulled radially outof the brush insertion apertures 42 by holding the brush terminals 54.Then, new brushes 50 integrated with springs 53, brush terminals 54,etc., are inserted inside the brush insertion apertures 42 a through theopening 2 a, and the brush terminals 54 are securely fastened to theholder terminals 47 by means of the screws 49. Thereafter, the cap 42 bis fitted onto the head portion of the brush holder portion 42,completing the replacement of the brushes 50.

Next, operation in an automotive vehicle mounted with this automotivealternator will be explained with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12. Moreover,in FIG. 10, 101 indicates the automotive alternator according toEmbodiment 1, and 25 and 26 indicate a battery charge lamp (a secondlamp) and a brush abrasion warning lamp (a first lamp), respectively,installed in a driver's instrument panel of an automotive vehicle.

In an automotive vehicle, a starter (not shown) is activated byinserting a key into a key switch 24 and turning the key switch 24,driving an engine.

An electric current is supplied to the rotor coil 13 from the battery 27through the brushes 50 and the slip rings 9, generating a magnetic flux.The first claw-shaped magnetic poles 22 of the first pole core 20 aremagnetized into North-seeking (N) poles by this magnetic flux, and thesecond claw-shaped magnetic poles 23 of the second pole core 21 aremagnetized into South-seeking (S) poles. At the same time, rotationaltorque from the engine is transmitted to the shaft 6 by means of thebelt (not shown) and the pulley 4, rotating the rotor 7. Thus, arotating magnetic field is imparted to the stator winding 16, generatingan electromotive force in the stator winding 16. Thisalternating-current electromotive force passes through the rectifier 12and is converted into direct current, the battery 27 is charged, and thecurrent is supplied to an electrical load 28.

Here, the voltage regulator 18, as shown in FIG. 11, is provided with acontrol portion 60 composed of first, second, and fourth controlportions 61, 62, and 64. The first control portion 61 monitors a phasevoltage (E_(p)) of the stator winding 16 through a P terminal, andinforms the driver that the engine has stopped when the phase voltage is0 V by switching the battery charge lamp 25 on. The second controlportion 62 monitors the output voltage (E_(out)) from the rectifier 12through a B terminal, decides whether that output voltage exceeds asecond set voltage (E₂), and informs the driver of an overvoltage(abnormality) by switching the battery charge lamp 25 on when the outputvoltage exceeds the second set voltage. The fourth control portion 64monitors the output voltage (E_(out)) from the rectifier 12 through theB terminal, and controls the passage of electric current to the rotorcoil 13 such that the output voltage equals a first set voltage (E₁).Moreover, in the case of a 12-volt automotive alternator, E₁ and E₂ areset to approximately 14 V and 16 V, respectively.

Next, operation of the control portions of the voltage regulator and thebrush abrasion detection operation will be explained with reference tothe flow chart in FIG. 12.

First, at step 200, a determination is made as to whether the key switch24 is switched on. At this time, if a voltage is not being applied to anL terminal, the control portion 60 determine that the key switch 24 isswitched off and proceed to step 201, switching first and secondtransistors Tr₁ and Tr₂ off. If a voltage is being applied to the Lterminal, the control portion 60 determine that the key switch 24 isswitched on and proceed to step 202.

At step 202, a determination is made as to whether the phase voltage(E_(p)) of the stator winding 16 being monitored through the P terminalis 0 V. When the phase voltage is 0 V, the control portion 60 proceed tostep 203 and switch the battery charge lamp 25 on by switching thesecond transistor Tr₂ on. Thus, the driver can confirm that thealternator is not generating power, in other words, that the engine hasstopped.

If it is determined that the phase voltage is not 0 V at step 202, thecontrol portion 60 proceed to step 204. At step 204, the output voltage(E_(out)) of the rectifier 12 is monitored through the B terminal todetermine whether the output voltage (E_(out)) is equal to or greaterthan the second set voltage (E₂). If the output voltage is equal to orgreater than the second set voltage, the control portion 60 proceed tostep 205 and switch the battery charge lamp 25 on by switching thesecond transistor Tr₂ on. Thus, the driver can check for abnormalities(overvoltages) in the automotive vehicle being driven. On the otherhand, if it is determined that the output voltage is less than thesecond set voltage at step 204, the control portion 60 proceed to step206 and switch the battery charge lamp 25 off by switching the secondtransistor Tr₂ off. Thus, the driver can confirm that the vehicle beingdriven is running normally.

At step 207, the output voltage (E_(out)) of the rectifier 12 ismonitored through the B terminal to determine whether the output voltage(E_(out)) is less than the first set voltage (E₁). The passage ofelectric current to the rotor coil 13 is controlled by switching thefirst transistor Tr₁ on (step 208) when the output voltage is less thanthe first set voltage, and switching the first transistor Tr₁ off (step209) when the output voltage is equal to or greater than the first setvoltage. Thus, the output voltage of the rectifier 12 is controlled soas to remain constant.

When the brushes 50 becomes abraded, the spring 53 contacts the contact48 a, closing a first switch SW₁. Then, a portion of the electriccurrent passing through the rotor coil 13 flows through the brushabrasion warning lamp 26 via the spring 53, the detection terminal 48,and the Q terminal, switching the brush abrasion warning lamp 26 on.Thus, the driver can confirm that it is necessary to change the brushes50. Brush replacement is performed according to the procedure describedabove.

In this manner, according to Embodiment 1, brush replacement can beperformed by removing and inserting the brushes 50 radially from andinto the brush insertion apertures 42 from outside the automotivealternator 101 using the opening 2 a in the rear bracket 2A. Thus,because it is not necessary to take the automotive alternator 101 out ofthe vehicle and dismantle it, the brush replacement operation becomesextremely simple, enabling the amount of time before recommencingoperation of the vehicle to be shortened considerably. Furthermore,brush replacement space can also be reduced, enabling the demand for asmuch passenger compartment space as possible to be ensured within theframework of vehicle codes to be sufficiently satisfied.

Because the lead wires 51 are linked to central portions of the rear endportions of the brushes 50 and are inserted through the flexible tubes52, the lead wires 51 slacken inside the springs 53, and the strandedwire in the lead wires 51 is prevented from fraying by the flexibletubes 52, preventing the lead wires 51 and the springs 53 from becomingentangled. Thus, incidents involving breaking of the lead wires 51 canbe prevented, ensuring passage of the electric current to the rotor coil13 through the lead wires 51, thereby improving the reliability of theautomotive alternator. False detection of brush abrasion resulting fromthe strands of cut lead wires 51 contacting the contact 48 a issimilarly prevented.

Because the flexible tubes 52 are prepared using a silicone rubber,elastic properties are imparted to the flexible tubes 52, suppressingspreading of the lead wires 51 as they slacken inside the springs 53.Thus, the lead wires 51 and the springs 53 are reliably prevented frombecoming entangled.

Because the springs 53 are prepared from cylindrical compression coilsprings, the elastic force of the springs 53 acts stably on the brushes50 irrespective of pivoting of the springs 53. Thus, asymmetricalwearing of the brushes 50 is suppressed and the brushes 50 slide stablyon the slip rings 9. Mechanical shock during contact between the spring53 and the contact 42 a is also alleviated by the elastic force of thespring 53, ensuring a pressing load on the brush 50 even after contactwith the contact 42 a.

Because the springs 53 are disposed in a compressed state between thebrushes 50 and the brush terminals 54 which are linked by the lead wires51, the elastic force of the springs 53 can act stably on the brushes50. In addition, the brushes 50, the lead wires 51, the springs 53, andthe brush terminals 54 are integrated, simplifying the operation ofreplacing of the brushes 50.

Because the springs 53 are prepared from stainless steel compressioncoil springs, the springs 53 have superior corrosion resistance,ensuring that the elastic force from the springs 53 and the passage ofelectric current through the springs 53 during brush abrasion detectionis stable for a long period.

Because the outside diameter D of the springs 53 is formed so as to belarger than the short sides E of the brushes 50 and the contact 48 a ofthe detection terminal 48 is disposed outside the long side of thecorresponding brush 50, contact between the brush 50 and the contact 48a is avoided, preventing false detection of the brush abrasion limit.

Furthermore, the aperture shape of the brush insertion apertures 42 a isformed so as to have an internal shape having arc portions having adiameter D′ centered on a center of a rectangular shape at centralportions of first and second long sides of the rectangular shape (lengthof short sides: E′; length of long sides: F′). E′, F′, and D′ are setslightly larger than E, F, and D. Thus, the brushes 50 are guided by thefour corners of the rectangular shape of the brush insertion apertures42 a and can move smoothly inside the brush insertion apertures 42 a.Similarly, the springs 53 are guided by the arc portions of the brushinsertion apertures 42 a having the diameter D′ and can move smoothlyinside the brush insertion apertures 42 a. Thus, misalignment of thebrushes 50 and the springs 53 resulting from external vibration isprevented.

Because the brushes 50 are prepared using a mixture of a copper powderand graphite, sliding between the brushes 50 and the slip rings 9 isperformed smoothly, and electrical resistance at the sliding portion canbe reduced.

In a brush abrasion detection system according to Embodiment 1, becausethe automotive alternator 101 is mounted and the brush abrasion warninglamp 26 is switched on by contact between the spring 53 and the contact48 a, the driver can check for the abrasion of the brushes 50 visually,enabling brush replacement to be performed swiftly. Thus, the occurrenceof vehicle breakdown and discharge of the battery 27 resulting fromdefective power generation can be prevented.

Because the abrasion of the brushes 50 is detected at a position wherethe remaining length of the brushes 50 is 2 mm from the abrasion limitline 50 x, the vehicle remains operable for approximately 30,000 kmafter detection. Thus, there is ample time for brush replacement afterdetection of abrasion of the brushes 50, enabling the occurrence ofvehicle breakdown and discharge of the battery resulting from defectivepower generation to be reliably prevented.

Moreover, in Embodiment 1 above, flexible tubes 52 made of a siliconerubber are used, but the material for the flexible tubes 52 is notlimited to the silicone rubber provided that it is a material havingflexibility and for example, a fluororubber can be used.

Furthermore, in Embodiment 1 above, stainless steel springs 53 are usedbut the material for the springs 53 is not limited to a stainless steelprovided that it is a metal material having spring properties, and acarbon steel, for example, can be used.

Embodiment 2

In Embodiment 2, as shown in FIG. 13, a resistor R is inserted into awiring pathway between the first switch SW₁ and the Q terminal.Moreover, the rest of this embodiment is constructed in a similar mannerto Embodiment 1 above.

According to Embodiment 2, when the spring 53 contacts the contact 48 a,the first switch SW₁ is closed, and a portion of the electric currentflowing through the rotor coil 13 is diverted to flow through the brushabrasion warning lamp 26. At this time, because the resistor R isinserted in series into the wiring pathway between the first switch SW₁and the Q terminal, the electric current flowing into the wiring pathwayis reduced, ensuring that the amount of excitation current flowing tothe rotor coil 13 is stable. Furthermore, because the electric currentflowing into the wiring pathway is a weak current, sparks or arcs do notoccur during closing of the first switch SW₁, suppressing damage to thecontact 48 a, and thereby improving reliability.

Now, it has been confirmed that when the automotive alternator 101 is a12-volt system, the occurrence of sparks and arcs can be reliablyprevented during closing of the first switch SW₁ if the resistance valueof the electric current path where the portion of the electric currentflowing through the rotor coil 13 is diverted to flow through thecontact 48 a during closing of the contact 48 a is set to five times theresistance value of the rotor coil 13. Thus, it is desirable for theresistor R to be set such that the resistance value of the electriccurrent path flowing through the contact 48 a during closing of thecontact 48 a is equal to or greater than five times the resistance valueof the rotor coil 13.

Embodiment 3

FIG. 14 is an electrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehiclemounted with an automotive alternator according to Embodiment 3 of thepresent invention, FIG. 15 is a perspective showing a vicinity ofbrushes in the automotive alternator according to Embodiment 3 of thepresent invention, FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing control portionsof a voltage regulator in the automotive alternator according toEmbodiment 3 of the present invention, and FIG. 17 is a flow chartexplaining operation of the control portions of the voltage regulator inthe automotive alternator according to Embodiment 3 of the presentinvention.

In FIGS. 14 to 16, a control portion 60A of a voltage regulator 18A ofan automotive alternator 102 is constituted by first to fourth controlportions 61 to 64. An end terminal 48 b of the abrasion detectionterminal 48 projects inside the circuit housing portion 44 of the brushholding apparatus 40, and is joined to the Q terminal of the voltageregulator 18A by soldering, etc. The third control portion 63 monitorsfor electric current flowing through the Q terminal during closing ofthe first switch SW₁, and when an electric current is input through theQ terminal, informs the driver that it is necessary to change thebrushes 50 by flashing the battery charge lamp 25 on and off.

Moreover, the rest of this embodiment is constructed in a similar mannerto-Embodiment 1 above.

Next, operation of the control portions of the voltage regulator will beexplained with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 17.

First, at step 300, a determination is made as to whether the key switch24 is switched on. At this time, if a voltage is not being applied to anL terminal, the control portion 60A determine that the key switch 24 isswitched off and proceed to step 301, switching the first and secondtransistors Tr₁ and Tr₂ off. If a voltage is being applied to the Lterminal, the control portion 60A determine that the key switch 24 isswitched on and proceed to step 302.

At step 302, a determination is made as to whether the phase voltage(E_(p)) of the stator winding 16 being monitored through the P terminalis 0 V. When the phase voltage is 0 V, the control portion 60A proceedto step 301 and switch the battery charge lamp 25 on by switching thesecond transistor Tr₂ on. Thus, the driver can confirm that thealternator is not generating power, in other words, that the engine hasstopped.

If it is determined that the phase voltage is not 0 V at step 302, thecontrol portion 60A proceed to step 304. At step 304, the output voltage(E_(out)) of the rectifier 12 is monitored through the B terminal todetermine whether the output voltage (E_(out)) is equal to or greaterthan the second set voltage (E₂). If the output voltage is equal to orgreater than the second set voltage, the control portion 60A proceed tostep 305 and switch the battery charge lamp 25 on by switching thesecond transistor Tr₂ on. Thus, the driver can check for abnormalities(overvoltages) in the automotive vehicle being driven.

On the other hand, if it is determined that the output voltage is lessthan the second set voltage at step 304, the control portion 60A proceedto step 306. At step 306, the control portion 60A monitor for thepresence of an electric current input through the Q terminal, and whenan electric current is input through the Q terminal, the control portion60A determine that the first switch SW₁ is switched on and proceed tostep 307. At step 307, the control portion 60A switch the secondtransistor Tr₂ on and off in a pulse train, thereby flashing the batterycharge lamp 25 on and off to inform the driver that it is necessary tochange the brushes 50. On the other hand, if no electric current isbeing input through the Q terminal at step 306, the control portion 60Aproceed to step 308 and switch the battery charge lamp 25 off byswitching the second transistor Tr₂ off.

At step 309, the output voltage (E_(out)) of the rectifier 12 ismonitored through the B terminal to determine whether the output voltage(E_(out)) is less than the first set voltage (E₁). The passage ofelectric current to the rotor coil 13 is controlled by switching on thefirst transistor Tr₁ (step 310) when the output voltage is less than thefirst set voltage, and switching off the first transistor Tr₁ (step 311)when the output voltage is equal to or greater than the first setvoltage. Thus, the output voltage of the rectifier 12 is controlled soas to remain constant.

According to Embodiment 3, the battery charge lamp 25 is switched onwhen the engine of an automotive vehicle is stopped and is switched offwhen the engine is running. If an overvoltage occurs while running, thebattery charge lamp 25 is switched on to inform the driver of anabnormality in the vehicle. In addition, if the first switch SW₁ isclosed by brush abrasion during normal running, the driver is informedof the need for brush replacement by flashing the battery charge lamp 25on and off.

Because overvoltage detection (step 304) and brush abrasion detection(step 306) are performed when the engine is running (E_(p)≠0 V), it ispossible to confirm that the battery charge lamp 25 is functioningnormally by checking that the battery charge lamp 25 is switched on whenthe key switch 24 is switched on. In other words, even if the firstswitch SW₁ is closed by brush abrasion, the battery charge lamp 25 isswitched on without flashing on and off.

Furthermore, according to Embodiment 3, an absence of power generationor an overvoltage is announced by switching the battery charge lamp 25on, and brush abrasion detection is announced by flashing the batterycharge lamp 25 on and off. Thus, because the announcements of anovervoltage (or an absence of power generation) and brush abrasiondetection are respectively distinguished by switching the battery chargelamp 25 on or flashing the battery charge lamp 25 on and off, use of onelamp can be shared, enabling the brush abrasion warning lamp 26 requiredin Embodiment 1 above to be omitted, thereby enabling simplification ofthe vehicle wiring harness.

In addition, because the electrical circuits constituting the firstcontrol portion 61 for diagnosing an absence of power generation in thealternator, the second control portion 62 for diagnosing overvoltages inthe alternator, the third control portion 63 for detecting the brushabrasion limit immediacy, and the fourth control portion 64 for keepingthe output voltage of the alternator constant are incorporated into thevoltage regulator 1 8A, the configuration of the electrical circuits isfacilitated, enabling reductions in size.

Embodiment 4

In Embodiment 3 above, the abrasion detection terminal 48 is disposed onan input side of the rotor coil 13, but in Embodiment 4, as shown inFIG. 18, the abrasion detection terminal 48 is disposed on an outputside of the rotor coil 13, abrasion limit immediacy of the brushes 50being detected by closing of a second switch SW₂.

Consequently, similar effects to those in Embodiment 3 above can also beachieved in Embodiment 4.

Embodiment 5

In Embodiment 3 above, the abrasion detection terminal 48 is disposed onan input side of the rotor coil 13, but in Embodiment 5, as shown inFIG. 19, abrasion detection terminals 48 are disposed on both the inputside and the output side of the rotor coil 13, and brush abrasion isdetected by the fourth control portion 64 by inputting an electriccurrent flowing during closing of a first switch SW₁ or a second switchSW₂ from the Q₁ terminal or the Q₂ terminal through an OR gate 55.

In Embodiment 5, even if the pair of brushes 50 do not abrade uniformly,the battery charge lamp 25 flashes on and off if either the first switchSW₁ or the second switch SW₂ is closed, enabling the driver to beinformed of brush abrasion limit immediacy. Thus, brush abrasion limitimmediacy is reliably announced, enabling the occurrence of defectivepower generation and defective charging of the battery to be prevented.

Embodiment 6

FIG. 20 is a flow chart explaining operation of control portions in anautomotive vehicle mounted with an automotive alternator according toEmbodiment 6 of the present invention.

Moreover, a circuit diagram for the automotive vehicle according toEmbodiment 6 of the present invention is similar to that of Embodiment3.

Here, operation of the control portions of the voltage regulator will beexplained with reference to the flow chart in FIG. 20.

First, at step 400, a determination is made as to whether the key switch24 is switched on. At this time, if a voltage is not being applied to anL terminal, the control portion determines that the key switch 24 isswitched off and proceeds to step 401, switching off the first andsecond transistors Tr₁ and Tr₂. If a voltage is being applied to the Lterminal, the control portion determines that the key switch 24 isswitched on and proceeds to step 402.

At step 402, the control portion monitors for the presence of anelectric current input through the Q terminal, and when an electriccurrent is input through the Q terminal, the control portion determinesthat the first switch SW₁ is switched on and switches a flag on in amemory (step 403), and when an electric current is not input through theQ terminal, the control portion determines that the first switch SW₁ isswitched off and switches the flag off in the memory (step 404).

At step 405, a determination is made as to whether the phase voltage(E_(p)) of the stator winding 16 being monitored through the P terminalis 0 V. When the phase voltage is 0 V, the control portion proceeds tostep 406 and determines whether the flag in the memory is on or off. Ifthe flag is on, the control portion switches the second transistor Tr₂on and off in a pulse train, thereby flashing the battery charge lamp 25on and off (step 407), and if the flag is off, the second transistor Tr₂is switched on, thereby switching the battery charge lamp 25 on (step408). Thus, the driver can check for brush abrasion limit immediacy bythe flashing of the battery charge lamp 25, and in addition, can confirmthat the alternator is not generating power, in other words, that theengine has stopped by the switching on of the battery charge lamp 25.

If it is determined that the phase voltage is not 0 V at step 405, thecontrol portion proceeds to step 409. At step 409, the output voltage(E_(out)) of the rectifier 12 is monitored through the B terminal todetermine whether the output voltage (E_(out)) is equal to or greaterthan the second set voltage (E₂). If the output voltage is equal to orgreater than the second set voltage, the control portion proceeds tostep 408 and switches the battery charge lamp 25 on by switching thesecond transistor Tr₂ on. Thus, the driver can check for abnormalities(overvoltages) in the automotive vehicle being driven. On the otherhand, if it is determined that the output voltage is less than thesecond set voltage at step 409, the control portion proceeds to step 410and switches the battery charge lamp 25 off by switching the secondtransistor Tr₂ off.

At step 411, the output voltage (E_(out)) of the rectifier 12 ismonitored through the B terminal to determine whether the output voltage(E_(out)) is less than the first set voltage (E₁). The passage ofelectric current to the rotor coil 13 is controlled by switching thefirst transistor Tr₁ on (step 412) when the output voltage is less thanthe first set voltage, and switching the first transistor Tr₁ off (step413) when the output voltage is equal to or greater than the first setvoltage. Thus, the output voltage of the rectifier 12 is controlled soas to remain constant.

In Embodiment 6, the battery charge lamp 25 is switched on when theengine of an automotive vehicle is stopped and is switched off when theengine is running. If an overvoltage occurs while running, the batterycharge lamp 25 is switched on to inform the driver of an abnormality inthe vehicle being driven. In addition, if the first switch SW₁ is closedby brush abrasion, a flag is switched on in the memory by the thirdcontrol portion 63. Then, if the flag is switched on in the memory whenthe engine of the vehicle is stopped, the driver is informed of the needfor brush replacement by flashing the battery charge lamp 25 on and off.

According to Embodiment 6, when brush abrasion limit immediacy isdetected by the third control portion 63, the battery charge lamp 25 isflashed on and off to inform the driver only when the vehicle isstopped. Thus, the driver is not startled by the battery charge lamp 25flashing on and off suddenly while moving, thereby ensuring safeoperation of the vehicle.

Embodiment 7

FIG. 21 is an electrical circuit diagram for an automotive vehiclemounted with an automotive alternator according to Embodiment 7 of thepresent invention.

In FIG. 21, an electronic control unit (ECU) 56 functioning as analternator external controlling means functions such that when a controlsignal from the L terminal is input thereto, the battery charge lamp 25is connected to the L terminal if the control signal is a standing wavesignal, and the brush abrasion warning lamp 26 is connected to the Lterminal if the control signal is a pulse train signal. The firstcontrol portion 61 of the voltage regulator 18A is constructed such thata standing wave signal is output to the ECU 56 through the L terminaland the second transistor Tr₂ is switched on if it is determined thatthe phase voltage is 0 V. The second control portion 62 of the voltageregulator 18A is constructed such that a standing wave signal is outputto the ECU 56 through the L terminal and the second transistor Tr₂ isswitched on if it is determined that the output voltage of the rectifier12 is an overvoltage. The third control portion 63 of the voltageregulator 18A is constructed such that a pulse train signal is output tothe ECU 56 through the L terminal and the second transistor Tr₂ isswitched on if it is determined that a first switch SW₁ is closed.

Moreover, the rest of this embodiment is constructed in a similar mannerto Embodiment 3 above.

In Embodiment 7, the first control portion 61 outputs a standing wavesignal to the ECU 56 through the L terminal and switches the secondtransistor Tr₂ on if it determines that the phase voltage is 0 V. Then,the ECU 56 connects the battery charge lamp 25 to the L terminal. Thus,the battery charge lamp 25 is switched on to inform the driver that theengine has stopped.

The second control portion 62 outputs a standing wave signal to the ECU56 through the L terminal and switches the second transistor Tr₂ on ifit determines that the output voltage of the rectifier 12 has exceededthe second set voltage. Then, the ECU 56 connects the battery chargelamp 25 to the L terminal. Thus, the battery charge lamp 25 is switchedon to inform the driver that there is an overvoltage (abnormality) inthe alternator.

The third control portion 63 outputs a pulse train signal to the ECU 56through the L terminal and switches the second transistor Tr₂ on if itis determines that the first switch SW₁ has closed. Then, the ECU 56connects the brush abrasion warning lamp 26 to the L terminal. Thus, thebrush abrasion warning lamp 26 is switched on to inform the driver ofbrush abrasion limit immediacy.

Consequently, similar effects to those in Embodiment 3 above can also beachieved in Embodiment 7.

Furthermore, according to Embodiment 7, because the brush abrasion limitimmediacy is announced by switching the brush abrasion warning lamp 26on, the driver is not startled by events such as the brush abrasionwarning lamp 26 flashing on and off suddenly, thereby ensuring safeoperation of the vehicle.

Embodiment 8

FIG. 22 is a longitudinal section showing an automotive alternatoraccording to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.

In FIG. 22, a rotor 7 is rotatably mounted inside a case 3 constitutedby a front bracket 1 and a rear bracket 2B by means of a shaft 6, and astator 8 is fixed to an inner wall surface of the case 3 so as to coveran outer circumferential side of the rotor 7.

The shaft 6 is rotatably supported in the front bracket 1 and the rearbracket 2B. A pulley 4 is fixed to a first end portion of the shaft 6projecting out of the front bracket 1, and a pair of slip rings 9 isfixed to a second end portion of the shaft 6 projecting out of the rearbracket 2B.

A brush holding apparatus 40 is securely fastened to an outer wallsurface of the rear bracket 2B such that an central axis of a shaftinsertion portion 43 is aligned with a central axis of the rear bracket2B. The second end portion of the shaft 6 is inserted inside the shaftinsertion portion 43, a pair of brushes 50 being placed in contact withthe pair of slip rings 9 by the force of springs 53, and electricallyconnected. A rectifier 12 is securely fastened to an outer wall surfaceof the rear bracket 2 so as to be positioned opposite the brush holdingapparatus 40 across the shaft 6.

In addition, a rear cover 57 is securely fastened to an outer wallsurface of the rear bracket 2B so as to cover the brush holdingapparatus 40 and the rectifier 12 from an axial direction of the shaft6.

Moreover, the rest of this embodiment is constructed in a similar mannerto Embodiment 1 above. Because detection and announcement of brushabrasion limit immediacy are performed in a similar manner to Embodiment1 above, explanation thereof will be omitted here.

Brush replacement in an automotive alternator 103 constructed in thismanner will now be explained.

First, the rear cover 57 is removed by releasing the fastening betweenthe rear cover 57 and the rear bracket 2B. Then, the brush holdingapparatus 40 is pulled out in an axial direction after releasing thefastening between the brush holding apparatus 40 and the rear bracket2B. Next, the cap 42 b is removed, and the fastening between the brushterminals 54 and the holder terminals 47 is released by removing thescrews 49. Then, the brushes 50 are pulled out of the brush insertionapertures 42 by holding the brush terminals 54. Next, new brushes 50integrated with springs 53, brush terminals 54, etc., are insertedinside the brush insertion apertures 42 a, and the brush terminals 54are securely fastened to the holder terminals 47 by means of the screws49. Thereafter, the cap 42 b is fitted onto the head portion of thebrush holder portion 42.

Then, the brush holding apparatus 40 with the brushes replaced is fittedonto the shaft 6 from an axial direction and securely fastened to therear bracket 2B. In addition, the rear cover 57 is securely fastened tothe rear bracket 2B, completing the brush replacement.

Consequently, in Embodiment 8, because the abrasion limit immediacy ofthe brushes 50 is also announced to the driver by switching the brushabrasion warning lamp 26 on in a similar manner to Embodiment 1 above,brush replacement can be performed swiftly, enabling the occurrence ofvehicle breakdown and discharge of the battery 27 resulting fromdefective power generation to be prevented.

Furthermore, according to Embodiment 8, the brush replacement operationis performed by removing the rear cover 57, pulling out the brushholding apparatus 40 in an axial direction, mounting the brush holdingapparatus 40 with the brushes replaced to the shaft 6 from an axialdirection, securely fastening the brush holding apparatus 40 to the rearbracket 2B, and securely fastening the rear cover 57 to the rear bracket2B. Thus, compared to conventional devices, which additionally requireremoval, dismantling, reassembly, and replacement of the automotivealternator from and to the vehicle, the brush replacement operation issimplified, enabling working time to be shortened.

Moreover, in Embodiment 8 above, replacement of the brushes 50 isexplained as being performed by removing the brush holding apparatus 40from the rear bracket 2B, but replacement of the brushes 50 may also beperformed by removing the rear cover 57, and then removing the cap 42 bwith the brush holding apparatus 40 still securely fastened to the rearbracket 2B. In that case, the need for removal and replacement of thebrush holding apparatus 40 is eliminated, enabling working time to beshortened further.

Furthermore, it goes without saying that the automotive alternator 103from Embodiment 8 may also be used instead of the automotive alternators101 and 102 in Embodiments 2 to 7 above.

The present invention is constructed in the above manner and exhibitsthe effects described below.

As explained above, according to one aspect of the present invention,there is provided an automotive alternator including: a case; a shaftrotatably supported in the case;

-   a rotor fixed to the shaft and disposed inside the case for    generating a rotating magnetic field, the rotor being provided with:-   a rotor coil in which a magnetic flux is generated by on passage of    an electric current;-   and a plurality of magnetic poles magnetized by the magnetic flux    generated in the rotor coil;-   a stator mounted to the case so as to cover an outer circumferential    side of the rotor, the stator being provided with a stator winding    in which an electromotive force is generated by the rotating    magnetic field generated by the rotor;-   a pair of electric current supplying members disposed so as to be    separated in an axial direction on a first end portion of the shaft    and be, able to rotate together with the shaft, the pair of electric    current supplying members being electrically connected in series by    means of the rotor coil; and-   a brush holding apparatus disposed inside the case so as to be    positioned radially outside the pair of electric current supplying    members, wherein: the brush holding apparatus is provided with:-   a brush holder portion in which a pair of brush insertion apertures    is formed such that an aperture direction of each of the brush    insertion apertures is perpendicular to a center axis of the shaft,    the pair of brush insertion apertures being separated in an axial    direction of the shaft;-   a cap removably mounted to a head portion of the brush holder    portion for covering the pair of brush insertion apertures; a pair    of brushes each housed inside the pair of brush insertion apertures    so as to be able to move freely in the aperture direction;-   a pair of brush terminals constituting input and output terminals of    the brushes;-   a pair of lead wires each having a first end linked to a first end    portion of the brushes and a second end linked to the brush    terminals;-   electrically-conductive elastic members disposed inside each of the    brush insertion apertures for placing a second end of each of the    brushes in elastic contact with the electric current supplying    members by forcing the brushes toward the shaft; and-   an abrasion detection terminal disposed in at least one of the pair    of brush insertion apertures, the abrasion detection terminal being    provided with a contact for contacting at least one of the elastic    members when the brushes are abraded by a predetermined amount; and-   an opening is disposed in the case radially outside the brush holder    portion so as to expose the cap,-   thereby providing an automotive alternator enabling brush abrasion    to be detected before the occurrence of defective power generation    or defective charging of the battery, and in addition, enabling    brush replacement without dismantling the alternator.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is providedan automotive alternator including:

-   a case; a shaft rotatably supported in the case; a rotor fixed to    the shaft and disposed inside the case for generating a rotating    magnetic field, the rotor being provided with:-   a rotor coil in which a magnetic flux is generated on passage of an    electric current; and-   a plurality of magnetic poles magnetized by the magnetic flux    generated in the rotor coil;-   a stator mounted to the case so as to cover an outer circumferential    side of the rotor, the stator being provided with a stator winding    in which an electromotive force is generated by the rotating    magnetic field generated by the rotor;-   a pair of electric current supplying members disposed so as to be    separated in an axial direction on a first end portion of the shaft    projecting out of the case and be able to rotate together with the    shaft, the pair of electric current supplying members being    electrically connected in series by means of the rotor coil; and-   a brush holding apparatus removably disposed on an outer end surface    of the case so as to be positioned radially outside the pair of    electric current supplying members, wherein: the brush holding    apparatus is provided with:-   a brush holder portion in which a pair of brush insertion apertures    is formed such that an aperture direction of each of the brush    insertion apertures is perpendicular to a center axis of the shaft,    the pair of brush insertion apertures being separated in an axial    direction of the shaft;-   a cap removably mounted to a head portion of the brush holder    portion for covering the pair of brush insertion apertures;-   a pair of brushes each housed inside the pair of brush insertion    apertures so as to be able to move freely in the aperture direction;-   a pair of brush terminals constituting input and output terminals of    the brushes; a pair of lead wires each having a first end linked to    a first end portion of the brushes and a second end linked to the    brush terminals;-   electrically-conductive elastic members disposed inside each of the    brush insertion apertures for placing a second end of each of the    brushes in elastic contact with the electric current supplying    members by forcing the brushes toward the shaft; and-   an abrasion detection terminal disposed in at least one of the pair    of brush insertion apertures, the abrasion detection terminal being    provided with a contact for contacting at least one of the elastic    members when the brushes are abraded by a predetermined amount; and-   a cover is removably mounted to an outer wall surface of the case    from an axial direction of the shaft so as to envelop the brush    holding apparatus, thereby providing an automotive alternator    enabling brush abrasion to be detected before the occurrence of    defective power generation or defective charging of the battery, and    in addition, enabling brush replacement without dismantling the    alternator.

Each of the elastic members may be constituted by a coil spring, theelastic force of the coil spring acting stably on the brush, therebysuppressing asymmetrical wearing of the brush.

The coil spring may be disposed in a compressed state between the brushand the brush terminal, integrating the brush, the brush terminal, thecoil spring, etc., thereby improving brush replacement.

The brushes may be formed into a substantially rectangularparallelepiped in which a cross section perpendicular to a longitudinaldirection is a rectangular shape, the coil spring may be formed into acylindrical shape, the brush and the coil spring may be disposed suchthat a center of the rectangular shape of the brush and a center of thecylindrical shape of the coil spring are substantially aligned, and arelationship between a length of a short side (E) and a length of a longside (F) of the rectangular shape and an outside diameter (D) of thecoil spring may satisfy an expression E<D<F, eliminating contact betweenthe contact and the brush, thereby preventing false detection of brushabrasion.

The brush insertion aperture may be formed with an aperture shape havingan internal shape substantially matching a composite external shapeformed by superposing the cylindrical shape of the coil spring onto therectangular shape of the brush in a longitudinal direction of the brush,enabling the brush and the coil spring to be guided by the brushinsertion aperture and move smoothly, thereby preventing misalignment ofthe brush and the coil spring as a result of external vibration.

The lead wire may be linked to a central portion of a first end surfaceof the brush, and a flexible tube may be mounted to the lead wire,suppressing entanglement between the lead wire and the elastic member,thereby suppressing the occurrence of snapping of the lead wire.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is providedan automotive alternator brush abrasion detection system including:

-   an automotive alternator provided with: a case; a shaft rotatably    supported in the case;-   a rotor fixed to the shaft and disposed inside the case for    generating a rotating magnetic field, the rotor being provided with:-   a rotor coil in which a magnetic flux is generated on passage of an    electric current; and-   a plurality of magnetic poles magnetized by the magnetic flux    generated in the rotor coil;-   a stator mounted to the case so as to cover an outer circumferential    side of the rotor, the stator being provided with a stator winding    in which an electromotive force is generated by the rotating    magnetic field generated by the rotor;-   a pair of electric current supplying members disposed so as to be    separated in an axial direction on a first end portion of the shaft    and be able to rotate together with the shaft, the pair of electric    current supplying members being electrically connected in series by    means of the rotor coil;-   a brush holding apparatus disposed inside the case so as to be    positioned radially outside the pair of electric current supplying    members;-   a rectifier disposed inside the case for rectifying and outputting    the electromotive force from the stator winding; and-   a voltage regulator disposed inside the case for adjusting a    magnitude of the electromotive force in the stator winding,

wherein the brush holding apparatus being provided with:

-   a brush holder portion in which a pair of brush insertion apertures    is formed such that an aperture direction of each of the brush    insertion apertures is perpendicular to a center axis of the shaft,    the pair of brush insertion apertures being separated in an axial    direction of the shaft; a cap removably mounted to a head portion of    the brush holder portion for covering the pair of brush insertion    apertures; a pair of brushes each housed inside the pair of brush    insertion apertures so as to be able to move freely in the aperture    direction; a pair of brush terminals constituting input and output    terminals of the brushes;

a pair of lead wires each having a first end linked to a first endportion of the brushes and a second end linked to the brush terminals;

electrically-conductive elastic members disposed inside each of thebrush insertion apertures for placing a second end of each of thebrushes in elastic contact with the electric current supplying membersby forcing the brushes toward the shaft; and

-   an abrasion detection terminal disposed in at least one of the pair    of brush insertion apertures, the abrasion detection terminal being    provided with a contact for contacting at least one of the elastic    members when the brushes are abraded by a predetermined amount, and-   an opening being disposed in the case radially outside the brush    holder portion so as to expose the cap; and-   a first lamp for announcing abrasion of the brushes by contact    between the elastic member and the contact,-   thereby providing an automotive alternator brush abrasion detection    system enabling a driver to be made aware of brush abrasion by means    of the first lamp and replace the brushes before the occurrence of    defective power generation or defective charging of the battery, and    enabling the amount of time before recommencing operation of the    vehicle to be shortened by making brush replacement possible without    dismantling the alternator.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is providedan automotive alternator brush abrasion detection system including:

-   an automotive alternator provided with: a case; a shaft rotatably    supported in the case;-   a rotor fixed to the shaft and disposed inside the case for    generating a rotating magnetic field, the rotor being provided with:-   a rotor coil in which a magnetic flux is generated on passage of an    electric current; and-   a plurality of magnetic poles magnetized by the magnetic flux    generated in the rotor coil; a stator mounted to the case so as to    cover an outer circumferential side of the rotor, the stator being    provided with a stator winding in which an electromotive force is    generated by the rotating magnetic field generated by the rotor;-   a pair of electric current supplying members disposed so as to be    separated in an axial direction on a first end portion of the shaft    projecting out of the case and be able to rotate together with the    shaft, the pair of electric current supplying members being    electrically connected in series by means of the rotor coil;-   a brush holding apparatus removably disposed on an outer end surface    of the case so as to be positioned radially outside the pair of    electric current supplying members;-   a rectifier for rectifying and outputting the electromotive force    from the stator winding;-   and a voltage regulator for adjusting a magnitude of the    electromotive force in the stator winding,-   wherein the brush holding apparatus being provided with:-   a brush holder portion in which a pair of brush insertion apertures    is formed such that an aperture direction of each of the brush    insertion apertures is perpendicular to a center axis of the shaft,    the pair of brush insertion apertures being separated in an axial    direction of the shaft;-   a cap removably mounted to a head portion of the brush holder    portion for covering the pair of brush insertion apertures;-   a pair of brushes each housed inside the pair of brush insertion    apertures so as to be able to move freely in the aperture direction;-   a pair of brush terminals constituting input and output terminals of    the brushes;-   a pair of lead wires each having a first end linked to a first end    portion of the brushes and a second end linked to the brush    terminals;-   electrically-conductive elastic members disposed inside each of the    brush insertion apertures for placing a second end of each of the    brushes in elastic contact with the electric current supplying    members by forcing the brushes toward the shaft; and-   an abrasion detection terminal disposed in at least one of the pair    of brush insertion apertures, the abrasion detection terminal being    provided with a contact for contacting at least one of the elastic    members when the brushes are abraded by a predetermined amount, and-   a cover being removably mounted to an outer wall surface of the case    from an axial direction of the shaft so as to envelop the brush    holding apparatus; and a first lamp for announcing abrasion of the    brushes by contact between the elastic member and the contact,-   thereby providing an automotive alternator brush abrasion detection    system enabling a driver to be made aware of brush abrasion by means    of the first lamp and replace the brushes before the occurrence of    defective power generation or defective charging of the battery, and    enabling the amount of time before recommencing operation of the    vehicle to be shortened by making brush replacement possible without    dismantling the alternator.

A resistance value of an electric current path in which a portion of theelectric current flowing through the rotor coil is diverted to flowthrough the contact during contact between the elastic member and thecontact may be equal to or greater than five times a resistance value ofthe rotor coil, enabling the occurrence of sparks or arcing to beprevented when the contact closes, thereby enabling suppression ofdamage to the contact.

There may be further provided:

-   a first control portion for detecting an absence of power generation    in the automotive alternator by monitoring a phase voltage of the    stator winding;-   a second control portion for detecting an overvoltage in the    automotive alternator by monitoring output from the rectifier; and-   a third control portion for detecting abrasion of the brushes by    monitoring a portion of the electric current flowing through the    rotor coil which is diverted to flow through the contact, wherein    the absence of power generation or the overvoltage in the automotive    alternator is announced by switching the first lamp on when the    first control portion detects the absence of power generation or the    second control portion detects the overvoltage in the automotive    alternator, and-   abrasion of the brushes is announced by flashing the first lamp on    and off when the third control portion detects the abrasion of the    brushes,-   enabling detection of absences of power generation, overvoltages,    and brush abrasion in the automotive alternator to be announced by a    single lamp, thereby enabling simplification of the vehicle wiring    harness.

The abrasion of the brushes may be announced by flashing the first lampon and off only when the first control portion does not detect theabsence of power generation in the automotive alternator, the secondcontrol portion does not detect the overvoltage in the automotivealternator, and the third control portion detects the abrasion of thebrushes, whereby the first lamp does not flash on and off when the keyswitch is turned on. Thus, it is possible to confirm that the first lampis functioning normally when the key switch is turned on by the firstlamp being switched on.

The abrasion of the brushes may be announced by flashing the first lampon and off only when the first control portion detects the absence ofpower generation in the automotive alternator and the third controlportion detects the abrasion of the brushes, whereby the driver is notstartled by the first lamp flashing on and off suddenly when the vehicleis operating.

The first, second, and third control portions may be incorporated intothe voltage regulator, facilitating the configuration of the electricalcircuit, thereby enabling reductions in size.

There may be further provided: a first control portion for detecting anabsence of power generation in the automotive alternator by monitoring aphase voltage of the stator winding; a second control portion fordetecting an overvoltage in the automotive alternator by monitoringoutput from the rectifier; and a second lamp for announcing the absenceof power generation or the overvoltage in the automotive alternator,wherein the absence of power generation or the overvoltage in theautomotive alternator is announced by switching the second lamp on whenthe first control portion detects the absence of power generation or thesecond control portion detects the overvoltage in the automotivealternator, and the abrasion of the brushes is announced by switchingthe first lamp on by diverting to the first lamp a portion of theelectric current flowing through the rotor coil when the contactcontacts the elastic member, enabling absences of power generation andovervoltages, and detection of brush abrasion to be announced byswitching on separate lamps, facilitating identification by the driver.

There may be further provided: a first control portion for detecting anabsence of power generation in the automotive alternator by monitoring aphase voltage of the stator winding;

-   a second control portion for detecting an overvoltage in the    automotive alternator by monitoring output from the rectifier, a    third control portion for detecting abrasion of the brushes by    monitoring a portion of the electric current flowing through the    rotor coil which is diverted to flow through the contact; and-   a second lamp for announcing the absence of power generation or the    overvoltage in the automotive alternator,-   wherein the absence of power generation or the overvoltage in the    automotive alternator is announced by switching the second lamp on    when the first control portion detects the absence of power    generation or the second control portion detects the overvoltage in    the automotive alternator, and-   the abrasion of the brushes is announced by switching the first lamp    on when the third control portion detects the abrasion of the    brushes,-   enabling absences of power generation and overvoltages, and    detection of brush abrasion to be announced by switching on separate    lamps, facilitating identification by the driver.

An external controlling means of the automotive alternator may controlswitching between switching on of the second lamp and switching on ofthe first lamp based on a detection signal from the first and secondcontrol portions indicating the absence of power generation or theovervoltage, and a detection signal from the third control portionindicating the abrasion of the brushes, enabling absences of powergeneration and overvoltages, and detection of brush abrasion to beannounced by switching on separate lamps, facilitating identification bythe driver.

1-11. (canceled)
 12. An automotive alternator brush abrasion detectionsystem comprising: an automotive alternator provided with: a case, ashaft rotatably supported in said case; a rotor fixed to said shaft anddisposed inside said case for generating a rotating magnetic field, saidrotor being provided with: a rotor coil in which a magnetic flux isgenerated on passage of an electric current; and a plurality of magneticpoles magnetized by said magnetic flux generated in said rotor coil, astator mounted to said case so as to cover an outer circumferential sideof said rotor, said stator being provided with a stator winding in whichan electromotive force is generated by said rotating magnetic fieldgenerated by said rotor; a pair of electric current supplying membersdisposed so as to be separated in an axial direction on a first endportion of said shaft projecting out of said case and be able to rotatetogether with said shaft, said pair of electric current supplyingmembers being electrically connected in series by means of said rotorcoil; a brush holding apparatus removably disposed on an outer endsurface of said case so as to be positioned radially outside said pairof electric current supplying members; a rectifier for rectifying andoutputting said electromotive force from said stator winding; and avoltage regulator for adjusting a magnitude of said electromotive forcein said stator winding, wherein said brush holding apparatus beingprovided with; a brush holder portion in which a pair of brush insertionapertures is formed such that an aperture direction of each of saidbrush insertion apertures is perpendicular to a center axis of saidshaft, said pair of brush insertion apertures being separated in anaxial direction of said shaft; a cap removably mounted to a head portionof said brush holder portion for covering said pair of brush insertionapertures; a pair of brushes each housed inside said pair of brushinsertion apertures so as to be able to move freely in said aperturedirection; a pair of brush terminals constituting input and outputterminals of said brushes; a pair of lead wires each having a first endlinked to a first end portion of said brushes and a second end linked tosaid brush terminals; electrically-conductive elastic members disposedinside each of said brush insertion apertures for placing a second endof each of said brushes in elastic contact with said electric currentsupplying members by forcing said brushes toward said shaft; and anabrasion detection terminal disposed in at least one of said pair ofbrush insertion apertures, said abrasion detection terminal beingprovided with a contact for contacting at least one of said elasticmembers when said brushes are abraded by a predetermined amount, and acover is removably mounted to an outer wall surface of said case from anaxial direction of said shaft so as to envelop said brush holdingapparatus, and first lamp for announcing abrasion of said brushes bycontact between said elastic member and said contact; a first controlportion for detecting an absence of power generation in said automotivealternator by monitoring a phase voltage of said stator winding; asecond control portion for detecting an overvoltage in said automotivealternator by monitoring output from said rectifier; and a third controlportion for detecting abrasion of said brushes by monitoring a portionof said electric current flowing through said rotor coil which isdiverted to flow through said contact, wherein said absence of powergeneration or said overvoltage in said automotive alternator isannounced by switching said first lamp on when said first controlportion detects said absence of power generation or said second controlportion detects said overvoltage in said automotive alternator, and saidabrasion of said brushes is announced by flashing said first lamp on andoff when said third control portion detects said abrasion of saidbrushes.
 13. The automotive alternator brush abrasion detection systemaccording to claim 12, wherein; said abrasion of said brushes isannounced by flashing said first lamp on and off only when said firstcontrol portion does not detect said absence of power generation in saidautomotive alternator, said second control portion does not detect saidovervoltage in said automotive alternator, and said third controlportion detects said abrasion of said brushes.
 14. The automotivealternator brush abrasion detection system according to claim 12,wherein; said abrasion of said brushes is announced by flashing saidfirst lamp on and off only when said first control portion detects saidabsence of power generation in said automotive alternator and said thirdcontrol portion detects said abrasion of said brushes.
 15. Theautomotive alternator brush abrasion detection system according to claim12, wherein; said first, second, and third control portions isincorporated into said voltage regulator.
 16. An automotive alternatorbrush abrasion detection system comprising; an automotive alternatorprovided with: a case; a shaft rotatably supported in said case; a rotorfixed to said shaft and disposed inside said case for generating arotating magnetic field, said rotor being provided with: a rotor coil inwhich a magnetic flux is generated on passage of an electric current;and a plurality of magnetic poles magnetized by said magnetic fluxgenerated in said rotor coil; a stator mounted to said case so as tocover an outer circumferential side of said rotor, said stator beingprovided with a stator winding in which an electromotive force isgenerated by said rotating magnetic field generated by said rotor; apair of electric current supplying members disposed so as to beseparated in an axial direction on a first end portion of said shaftprojecting out of said case and be able to rotate together with saidshaft, said pair of electric current supplying members beingelectrically connected in series by means of said rotor coil; a brushholding apparatus removably disposed on an outer end surface of saidcase so as to be positioned radially outside said pair of electriccurrent supplying members; a rectifier for rectifying and outputtingsaid electromotive force from said stator winding; and a voltageregulator for adjusting a magnitude of said electromotive force in saidstator winding, wherein said brush holding apparatus being providedwith: a brush holder portion in which a pair of brush insertionapertures is formed such that an aperture direction of each of saidbrush insertion apertures is perpendicular to a center axis of saidshaft said pair of brush insertion apertures being separated in an axialdirection of said shaft; a cap removably mounted to a head portion ofsaid brush holder portion for covering said pair of brush insertionapertures; a pair of brushes each housed inside said pair of brushinsertion apertures so as to be able to move freely in said aperturedirection; a pair of brush terminals constituting input and outputterminals of said brushes; a pair of lead wires each having a first endlinked to a first end portion of said brushes and a second end linked tosaid brush terminals; electrically-conductive elastic members disposedinside each of said brush insertion apertures for placing a second endof each of said brushes in elastic contact with said electric currentsupplying members by forcing said brushes toward said shaft; and anabrasion detection terminal disposed in at least one of said pair ofbrush insertion apertures, said abrasion detection terminal beingprovided with a contact for contacting at least one of said elasticmembers when said brushes are abraded by a predetermined amount, and acover is removably mounted to an outer wall surface of said case from anaxial direction of said shaft so as to envelop said brush holdingapparatus; and first lamp for announcing abrasion of said brushes bycontact between said elastic member and said contact, a first controlportion for detecting an absence of power generation in said automotivealternator by monitoring a phase voltage of said stator winding; asecond control portion for detecting an overvoltage in said automotivealternator by monitoring output from said rectifier; and a second lampfor announcing said absence of power generation or said overvoltage insaid automotive alternator, wherein said absence of power generation orsaid overvoltage in said automotive alternator is announced by switchingsaid second lamp on when said first control portion detects said absenceof power generation or said second control portion detects saidovervoltage in said automotive alternator, and said abrasion of saidbrushes is announced by switching said first lamp on by diverting tosaid first lamp a portion of said electric current flowing through saidrotor coil when said contact contacts said elastic member.
 17. Anautomotive alternator brush abrasion detection system comprising; anautomotive alternator provided with: a case; a shaft rotatably supportedin said case; a rotor fixed to said shaft and disposed inside said casefor generating a rotating magnetic field, said rotor being providedwith: a rotor coil in which a magnetic flux is generated on passage ofan electric current; and a plurality of magnetic poles magnetized bysaid magnetic flux generated in said rotor coil; a stator mounted tosaid case so as to cover an outer circumferential side of said rotor,said stator being provided with a stator winding in which anelectromotive force is generated by said rotating magnetic fieldgenerated by said rotor; a pair of electric current supplying membersdisposed so as to be separated in an axial direction on a first endportion of said shaft projecting out of said case and be able to rotatetogether with said shaft, said pair of electric current supplyingmembers being electrically connected in series by means of said rotorcoil; a brush holding apparatus removably disposed on an outer endsurface of said case so as to be positioned radially outside said pairof electric current supplying members; a rectifier for rectifying andoutputting said electromotive force from said stator winding; and avoltage regulator for adjusting a magnitude of said electromotive forcein said stator winding, wherein said brush holding apparatus beingprovided with: a brush holder portion in which a pair of brush insertionapertures is formed such that an aperture direction of each of saidbrush insertion apertures is perpendicular to a center axis of saidshaft, said pair of brush insertion apertures being separated in anaxial direction of said shaft; a cap removably mounted to a head portionof said brush holder portion for covering said pair of brush insertionapertures; a pair of brushes each housed inside said pair of brushinsertion apertures so as to be able to move freely in said aperturedirection; a pair of brush terminals constituting input and outputterminals of said brushes; a pair of lead wires each having a first endlinked to a first end portion of said brushes and a second end linked tosaid brush terminals; electrically-conductive elastic members disposedinside each of said brush insertion apertures for placing a second endof each of said brushes in elastic contact with said electric currentsupplying members by forcing said brushes toward said shaft; and anabrasion detection terminal disposed in at least one of said pair ofbrush insertion apertures, said abrasion detection terminal beingprovided with a contact for contacting at least one of said elasticmembers when said brushes are abraded by a predetermined amount, and acover is removably mounted to an outer wall surface of said case from anaxial direction of said shaft so as to envelop said brush holdingapparatus; and first lamp for announcing abrasion of said brushes bycontact between said elastic member and said contact; a first controlportion for detecting an absence of power generation in said automotivealternator by monitoring a phase voltage of said stator winding; asecond control portion for detecting an over voltage in said automotivealternator by monitoring output from said rectifier, a third controlportion for detecting abrasion of said brushes by monitoring a portionof said electric current flowing through said rotor coil which isdiverted to flow through said contact; and a second lamp for announcingsaid absence of power generation or said over voltage in said automotivealternator, wherein said absence of power generation or said overvoltage in said automotive alternator is announced by switching saidsecond lamp on when said first control portion detects said absence ofpower generation or said second control portion detects said overvoltage in said automotive alternator, and said abrasion of said brushesis announced by switching said first lamp on when said third controlportion detects said abrasion of said brushes.
 18. The automotivealternator brush abrasion detection system according to claim 17,wherein; an external controlling means of said automotive alternatorcontrols switching between switching on of said second lamp andswitching on of said first lamp based on a detection signal from saidfirst and second control portions indicating said absence of powergeneration or said over voltage and a detection signal from said thirdcontrol portion indicating said abrasion of said brushes.